Display technology is a technology that converts electronic signals into visible images and is widely used in various electronic devices. The following are some common display technologies, as well as their respective advantages and disadvantages.

Cathode ray tube (CRT) display technology

Once widely used in traditional televisions and computer monitors. It produces images by emitting electron beams through an electron gun and hitting the phosphor on the fluorescent screen. CRT displays have advantages such as high color reproduction and fast response speed, but they are large in size, heavy in weight, high in power consumption, and have radiation problems. They are now gradually being eliminated.

Advantages: high color reproduction, can present natural and real colors; fast response speed, can quickly display dynamic pictures; high contrast, rich image layering.

Disadvantages: large in size, heavy in weight, occupying more space; high power consumption, low energy utilization; radiation exists, which has a certain impact on human health; the screen is prone to flickering, and long-term viewing can easily cause eye fatigue.

Liquid crystal display (LCD) technology

Using the characteristics of liquid crystal molecules, the arrangement of liquid crystal molecules is controlled by electric fields, thereby changing the transmittance of light to display images. LCD displays have the advantages of small size, light weight, low power consumption, and no radiation. They are widely used in various electronic devices such as computer monitors, televisions, and mobile phones. However, LCD screens require backlights, and the contrast and black performance are relatively poor, and the response speed needs to be improved.

Advantages: mature technology and low cost; relatively low power consumption and long service life; high brightness, suitable for use in bright environments; can achieve high resolution and clear and delicate pictures.

Disadvantages: backlight is required, there is a light leakage problem, resulting in limited contrast; black is not pure enough, and there is still a certain amount of light leaking out when displaying black; slow response speed, and smearing may occur when displaying high-speed dynamic pictures; limited viewing angle, color and brightness will change when viewing at a wide angle.

Organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display technology

It belongs to self-luminous display technology, and organic materials will emit light by themselves when excited by electric current. OLED is composed of organic materials. When current passes through, the electrons and holes in these organic materials combine to produce excited molecules. When the molecules return to the ground state from the excited state, they will emit photons, thereby achieving luminescence. According to the different materials of the light-emitting layer, it can be divided into small molecule OLED and polymer OLED (PLED). OLED screens have the advantages of high contrast, wide viewing angle, fast response, and bendability. They can present deep black and bright colors and are widely used in TVs, mobile phones and other fields.

Advantages: Self-luminous, no backlight required, and ultra-thin design can be achieved; extremely high contrast, deep black and bright white; wide viewing angle, small color and brightness changes at all angles; fast response speed, suitable for displaying dynamic pictures; rich and bright colors, wide color gamut.

Disadvantages: Burn-in is prone to occur when displaying fixed images for a long time; high power consumption at high brightness; relatively short service life; high cost, especially for large-size screens.

Active Matrix Organic Light Emitting Diode (AMOLED) Display Technology

AMOLED is an improved version of OLED technology. In the AMOLED screen, each pixel is equipped with an independent thin-film transistor (TFT) as a switch, which can actively control the light-emitting state of each pixel. This structure has further improved the display effect and performance of the AMOLED screen. AMOLED has the characteristics of high contrast, wide viewing angle, fast response, high color accuracy and bendability.

Advantages: AMOLED has the advantages of self-luminescence, high contrast, wide viewing angle, fast response, accurate color and bendability, which can bring excellent visual experience and diverse design possibilities.

Disadvantages: AMOLED has problems such as easy screen burn-in, high power consumption at high brightness, relatively short life and high cost, which to a certain extent limit its application and development.

Quantum dot light-emitting diode (QLED) display technology

Usually, on the basis of LCD, quantum dot materials are used to convert the light emitted by the backlight source to improve the color gamut and color performance. The core of QLED is quantum dot material, which is composed of semiconductor nanocrystals. When current passes through the QLED device, electrons and holes recombine in the quantum dots. Due to the size effect of the quantum dots, light of a specific wavelength is emitted, and its color depends on the size and composition of the quantum dots. Similar to OLED, QLED also realizes display through electroluminescence, but it is different in the luminescence mechanism and material.

Advantages: It has high brightness, high color gamut, bright and accurate color performance; long service life and good stability; compared with OLED, there is no risk of screen burn-in.

Disadvantages: It is essentially based on LCD technology, and its contrast and black performance are not as good as OLED; it requires a backlight source, and is not as good as OLED in thickness and power consumption.

Micro-LED display technology

LED is miniaturized, and each pixel is composed of an independent Micro-LED. Micro-LED is a traditional light-emitting diode (LED) miniaturized, transferring micron-level LED chips to a specific substrate, and realizing image display through circuit connection and control. These tiny LED chips emit light directly under the drive of electrical signals, and each chip can independently control its brightness and color to form a high-resolution image.

Advantages: high brightness, high contrast, and high resolution; fast response speed, excellent color performance; low power consumption, high energy efficiency ratio; good stability and reliability, not prone to screen burn-in; can achieve seamless splicing, suitable for large display screens.

Disadvantages: complex manufacturing process and high cost; the current technology is not yet fully mature, and there are certain difficulties in large-scale production.

Silicon-based OLED (Micro-OLED) display technology

Micro-OLED uses single-crystal silicon semiconductor as the substrate, and uses mature CMOS technology to integrate tens of millions of transistors on it to form a driving circuit, and then evaporates OLED organic materials on the CMOS driving circuit to form a light-emitting diode. In this way, precise control of individual pixels can be achieved, and high-resolution and micro-sized micro displays can be perfectly achieved.

Advantages: High resolution can be achieved on a small screen, providing clear and delicate images; high contrast, deep black and bright white; fast response, can meet the display requirements of dynamic pictures; small size, light weight, suitable for integration in small devices.

Disadvantages: high manufacturing cost; screen size is usually small, difficult to apply to large display devices; relatively low brightness, display effect may be affected in strong light environments such as outdoor.

Mini LED display technology

Mini LED is a new display technology that uses LED devices with chip sizes between 50 and 200μm. By closely arranging a large number of tiny LED chips behind the display panel as a backlight source, it can achieve more refined backlight partition control, thereby improving the display effect. It has the characteristics of high brightness, high contrast, wide color gamut, and low power consumption. It is mainly used in TVs, monitors, laptops, and car displays.

Advantages: Mini LED has the advantages of high contrast, wide color gamut, low power consumption, long life, and thinness, which can bring excellent visual experience and good product characteristics.

Disadvantages: Mini LED has the disadvantages of high cost, unsatisfactory technology, and possible halo phenomenon, which to a certain extent limits its popularity and application.

Electronic paper display technology

Adopting technologies such as electrophoretic display (E Ink) to simulate the display effect of paper, electronic paper is usually composed of multiple microcapsules, each of which contains positively charged white particles and negatively charged black particles suspended in a transparent liquid. When an electric field is applied, charged particles will move inside the microcapsule. Depending on the direction of the electric field, white or black particles will appear on the surface of the microcapsule, thus showing white or black. By controlling the color changes of the microcapsules at different positions, various texts, images and other information can be displayed.

Advantages: It has low power consumption characteristics, and consumes power only when refreshing the screen, which is very energy-saving when reading; high contrast, and can clearly display content even in the sun; wide viewing angle, and can maintain good visual effects from all angles; it is eye-friendly, similar to the paper reading experience, and it is not easy to get tired after long-term viewing.

Disadvantages: Low refresh rate, not suitable for displaying dynamic images, and there is a significant delay when turning pages or updating the screen; limited color performance, usually only black and white or a few colors can be displayed; slow response speed, and the feedback speed of touch operation is not as fast as other display technologies.

Plasma display (PDP) technology

Use plasma discharge to generate ultraviolet rays to excite phosphors to emit light to display images. PDP displays have the advantages of high contrast, wide viewing angle, fast response, and excellent color performance. However, PDP has high power consumption and high cost, and the larger the screen size, the more likely it is to burn in. With the development of LCD and OLED technology, PDP technology has gradually withdrawn from the market.

Advantages: PDP has the characteristics of high contrast, wide viewing angle, fast response and rich colors, which can provide an excellent visual experience.

Disadvantages: PDP has problems such as high energy consumption, easy aging, limited size and radiation, and has certain limitations in practical applications.

In the future, display technology will develop in the direction of high image quality, flexibility and intelligence, and deeply integrate with technologies such as the Internet of Things and artificial intelligence, continuously expand application scenarios, and meet diverse needs.